By Michael Staton
Harvesting soybeans at 15 percent moisture reduces potential for harvest losses and soil compaction and increases income compared to harvesting overly dry soybeans.
Soybean producers often wait to begin harvesting until every leaf has dropped and the moisture level of the beans in the field has dropped to, or below 13 percent. While these first fields may be harvested at the optimum conditions and moisture level to maximize value per bushel, the plants in the remaining fields will probably become too dry increasing harvest losses and lost income due to the lost moisture weight.
Table 1. Net value for a bushel of soybeans delivered at various moisture levels |
|---|
Moisture | Wet Weight | Dry Weight (13% moisture) | Moisture Discount/Drying Charge | Net Value |
|---|
(%) | (lbs./bu) | (lbs./bu) | ($/bu) | ($/bu) |
18 | 63.66 | 58.06 | 0.25 | 8.85 |
17 | 62.89 | 58.36 | 0.2 | 8.94 |
16 | 62.14 | 58.66 | 0.15 | 9.08 |
15 | 61.41 | 58.95 | 0.1 | 9.14 |
14 | 60.70 | 59.24 | 0.05 | 9.23 |
13 | 60.00 | 60.00 | 0 | 9.40 |
12 | 59.32 | 59.32 | 0 | 9.29 |
11 | 58.65 | 58.65 | 0 | 9.20 |
10 | 58.00 | 58.00 | 0 | 9.09 |
9 | 57.36 | 57.36 | 0 | 8.99 |
* A shrink factor of 1.6 percent per wet bushel increased by 0.8 percent for each 0.5 percent moisture above 13.1 percent was used to calculate dry weight |
** Actual moisture loss was used to calculate dry weights when moisture was below 13 percent |
*** Market price is $9.40 per bushel |
**** Moisture discount/drying charge of $0.05 for each 1 percent above 13 percent was used |
The main reason producers delay soybean harvest is to avoid paying moisture discounts and drying charges. Table one shows the net value per bushel of soybeans when delivered at various moisture levels. Even when typical moisture shrink factors and discounts are applied, it is more profitable to harvest soybeans at 15 percent moisture than to harvest them at 10 percent moisture and harvesting at 14 percent is more profitable than harvesting at 11 percent.
These calculations don’t factor in any of the other risks associated with delaying soybean harvest such as increasing the potential for harvest losses, soil compaction, combine ruts or delayed wheat planting. Shatter losses due to brittle pods increase as moisture levels drop below 11 percent. They also increase whenever soybeans dry to 13 percent and then undergo repeated wetting and drying cycles.
Ideal weather and soil conditions don’t last forever. This is another strong argument for taking off some your soybean fields at 14 to 15 percent moisture as long as the weather and soil conditions are conducive. Every acre harvested under good weather and soil conditions is one less acre that may have to be harvested under poor conditions.
Wheat producers should be especially motivated to harvest soybeans early as wheat yields have been shown to decrease by 1.1 bushels per acre for each day planting is delayed after Oct. 1. The higher wheat yields realized from early planting will more than compensate for the small level of lost income realized by harvesting soybeans at 14-15 percent moisture.
Consider harvesting some of your soybean fields at 14 to 15 percent moisture as a way to reduce risk and improve farm income.