Research shows free satellite images can support precision farming
Precision agriculture is helping farmers make better decisions by using technology to monitor crops and improve field management. Recent research suggests that one of the most useful tools may already be available at no cost through free satellite imagery.
Researchers are studying how different technologies can detect crop stress before visible signs appear in the field. Healthy and stressed plants reflect light differently, allowing sensors and imaging tools to identify potential problems earlier. Early detection can help farmers take action before crop yields are affected.
“When we see areas that are not looking great in a field, it may already be too late,” said Ana Morales-Ona Smith, that opportunity became part of her initial research as a new extension soil fertility specialist and assistant professor in the department of crop, soil and environmental sciences for the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture. “Sensors can help us detect stress earlier so we can take timely actions before yield is affected.”
A comparison of free satellite imagery, commercial satellite data, drone images, and handheld sensors showed that different systems often identify similar crop patterns. Although image quality and resolution vary, the findings suggest that free satellite data can provide valuable information for many farming decisions.
Combining satellite imagery with soil tests and plant tissue sampling can help farmers make more accurate nutrient management decisions. By identifying areas that need attention, growers can apply fertilizers more efficiently and reduce unnecessary input costs.
Free satellite imagery offers another advantage through its long history of collected data. Farmers can review years of field information to identify recurring areas of crop variability and improve management strategies over time. This makes the technology useful even for growers who do not own drones or other advanced equipment.
Researchers are also exploring how drones can be used to apply crop protection products. Studies comparing drone spraying with traditional ground equipment found that faster drone speeds can reduce spray coverage. However, reduced coverage does not always mean lower disease control, especially when products move within plant tissues.
“This is not efficacy,” said Jason Davis, assistant professor and remote sensing and pesticide application extension specialist. “Coverage tells us where the spray droplets are deposited, but it doesn't necessarily predict how well the product will control disease.”
Ongoing research aims to identify the best drone flight speeds, application heights, and spray settings to ensure effective performance. Scientists believe these findings will help farmers balance efficiency and crop protection needs.
Photo Credit: University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture