Weather extremes create mixed outlook for crops and livestock
Texas farmers are facing very different weather challenges as the 2026 growing season moves toward completion. While much of the state continues to battle severe drought and extreme heat, other regions are dealing with excess moisture, cloudy weather, and pest concerns. These conditions are affecting crop yields, livestock production, and preparations for the next planting season.
According to recent reports, more than 90% of Texas are experiencing some level of drought. Over one-third of the state is facing severe drought or worse conditions. Dry weather has reduced soil moisture, limited irrigation supplies, increased insect pressure, and lowered forage availability for livestock.
Cotton has been one of the crops most impacted by the prolonged dry conditions. In many parts of Texas, fields have experienced poor growth, reduced boll development, and lower yield potential. Dryland cotton acres have been especially affected, with some producers reporting crop failures and insurance claims.
In the High Plains and Rolling Plains, extreme heat, strong winds, and minimal rainfall have caused significant crop stress. Sorghum, cotton, and forage crops have suffered reduced yields, while some dryland fields have completely failed. Producers have struggled to meet crop water demands as temperatures frequently exceed 100 degrees Fahrenheit.
Agronomists also warned livestock producers about drought-stressed forage sorghum. Under stressful growing conditions, sorghum can accumulate harmful compounds that may create livestock health risks if grazed too early. Producers are encouraged to test forage before feeding.
The Coastal Bend region provided one of the brighter stories this season. Favorable spring rainfall supplied soil moisture that helped corn, sorghum, and cotton crops through much of the summer. Cotton's harvest has progressed smoothly, and many growers reported satisfactory yields. However, producers remain concerned about rebuilding soil moisture reserves before next year's planting season.
Rice-producing regions have faced a different set of challenges. Increased rainfall and cloudy weather during critical growth stages reduced yields and grain quality in some locations. While the primary rice crop has been harvested, the ratoon crop continues to develop under mixed conditions.
Rice producers are also monitoring rice delphacid populations. Although predator insects have helped keep the pest under control this year, experts warn that outbreaks could still occur as the ratoon's crop advances through reproduction and grain fill stages.
Wheat producers are preparing planting, but conditions remain difficult. Soil moisture shortages across much of Texas have delayed field preparation and planting decisions. In addition, seed supplies are lower than normal due to poor production conditions earlier in the season. Growers planning to graze livestock on wheat are especially eager for rainfall that would support emergence and early growth.
Pasture and rangeland conditions continue to decline in many drought-affected regions. Grasses have stopped growing, hay supplies are tightening, and producers have started supplemental feeding earlier than usual. Some ranchers are reducing herd numbers due to limited forage availability and declining water supplies.
Livestock producers are also dealing with shrinking pond levels, lower stock weights, and increased feeding costs. In several regions, cattle's body condition has begun to decline as grazing resources become scarce. Water shortages and wildfire concerns are adding further pressure to farm operations.
Despite the challenges, conditions vary widely across Texas. Southeast Texas has benefited from scattered rains that improved soil moisture and supported crop development. Rice, cotton, and livestock conditions are generally more favorable in these areas compared to the drought-stricken regions of the state.
Looking ahead, timely rainfall will be critical for replenishing soil moisture, supporting winter wheat establishment, and improving pasture conditions. Farmers and ranchers across Texas remain focused on managing risk while preparing for the next production cycle amid continuing weather uncertainty.
Photo Credit: igor-stevanovic