Rainfall and pasture pests create uneven forage conditions across key farming regions
Hay production across Texas has been highly uneven this season, with weather conditions and pest pressure creating very different outcomes for livestock producers.
In areas that received timely rainfall, hay yields were generally good, and producers were able to build forage inventories earlier in the growing season. However, many farms faced challenges later in the year as dry conditions returned across large parts of the state.
“Depending on location, for those who have had rainfall, we’ve seen some good hay produced,” said Vanessa Corriher, Ph.D., AgriLife Extension forage specialist and professor, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Overton. “However, those with pasture mealybug will be relying on last year’s hay. Between dry weather and pasture mealybug, production has definitely been a moving target.”
One of the biggest concerns was the spread of pasture mealybug, a pest that damaged forage grasses and reduced productivity in several regions. The pest affected pasture growth and limited the amount of forage available for livestock grazing and hay production.
“Despite the hits from the pasture mealybug, our producers had a pretty decent hay season that ramped up storage earlier in the spring and summer,” said Chadd Caperton, AgriLife Extension agent for Brazos County. “Some did feed a little hay during the dry period but supplemented with syrup tubs and tanks to help reduce the amounts needed.”
Despite these challenges, some producers entered fall with adequate hay supplies thanks to strong spring and early summer growth. Carryover hay from previous seasons also helped reduce pressure on feed inventories. Farmers in these areas reported that livestock remained in good condition, and that stored forage should help meet winter feeding needs.
Other regions were less fortunate. Extended periods without rainfall reduced pasture growth and limited hay harvests. Many producers who expected multiple hay cuttings were unable to achieve their normal yields, resulting in tighter forage supplies heading into winter. As grazing conditions deteriorated, livestock operators began feeding hay earlier than usual.
Across Texas, the weather conditions varied dramatically. Some regions received beneficial rainfall that improved pasture growth, replenished stock tanks, and supported winter forage establishment. Other areas remained dry, leading to declining soil moisture, low pond levels, and increased wildfire concerns.
Pasture conditions ranged from very poor to excellent depending on location. In areas where rainfall returned, grass responded quickly and produced new growth. Elsewhere, drought continued to limit forage development and forced producers to increase supplemental feeding.
Additional pest concerns also emerged during the season. Fall armyworms were reported in several areas and required active management. Producers monitored fields closely and implemented control measures where necessary to protect valuable forage resources.
Winter wheat planting progressed across much of the state, although moisture shortages delayed planting in some locations. Recent rainfall improved conditions for newly planted wheat and other cool-season forages, providing hope for additional grazing opportunities during the coming months.
Livestock markets remained relatively strong in many areas despite feed challenges. Cattle generally maintained good body condition, and producers continued preparing winter feeding programs. Many operations evaluated forage inventories, pasture conditions and feed requirements to determine whether additional hay purchases might be necessary.
Experts noted that winter feeding plans should be based on local conditions. Operations that depend largely on hay for winter feed may see little change compared to previous years. However, producers relying on stockpiled pasture forage should carefully assess available feed supplies, especially where drought or pasture mealybug damage reduces growth.
Looking ahead, rainfall will remain a key factor in determining forage availability. Areas that receive additional moisture could see improved pasture conditions and reduced feeding costs. Regions that remain dry may continue facing challenges related to forage shortages and higher supplemental feed requirements.
Overall, Texas producers demonstrated resilience during a season marked by unpredictable weather and pest pressures. While some areas enjoyed productive hay harvests, others were forced to manage reduced forage supplies. The combination of drought, pasture mealybug infestations and varying rainfall patterns created a mixed outlook, but many producers are relying on careful management and existing hay reserves to navigate the months ahead.
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