Abstract: Swine-to-Ferret Transmission of Antigenically Drifted Contemporary Swine H3N2 Influenza A Virus Is an Indicator of Zoonotic Risk to Humans

Apr 03, 2023

Human-to-swine transmission of influenza A (H3N2) virus occurs repeatedly and plays a critical role in swine influenza A virus (IAV) evolution and diversity. Human seasonal H3 IAVs were introduced from human-to-swine in the 1990s in the United States and classified as 1990.1 and 1990.4 lineages; the 1990.4 lineage diversified into 1990.4.A-F clades. Additional introductions occurred in the 2010s, establishing the 2010.1 and 2010.2 lineages. Human zoonotic cases with swine IAV, known as variant viruses, have occurred from the 1990.4 and 2010.1 lineages, highlighting a public health concern. If a variant virus is antigenically drifted from current human seasonal vaccine (HuVac) strains, it may be chosen as a candidate virus vaccine (CVV) for pandemic preparedness purposes. We assessed the zoonotic risk of US swine H3N2 strains by performing phylogenetic analyses of recent swine H3 strains to identify the major contemporary circulating genetic clades. Representatives were tested in hemagglutination inhibition assays with ferret post-infection antisera raised against existing CVVs or HuVac viruses. The 1990.1, 1990.4.A, and 1990.4.B.2 clade viruses displayed significant loss in cross-reactivity to CVV and HuVac antisera, and interspecies transmission potential was subsequently investigated in a pig-to-ferret transmission study.

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Video: Sapovirus in Weaned Pigs with Diarrhea - Dr. Talita Resende

In this episode of The Swine Health Blackbelt Podcast, Dr. Talita Resende, Assistant Professor and Food Animal Diagnostician at the University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, explains how sapovirus affects suckling and weaned pigs with diarrhea. She discusses PCR interpretation, rotavirus and E. coli coinfections, intestinal sampling, and in situ hybridization for clearer diagnostic decisions. Listen now on all major platforms!

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"PCR by itself may not identify the main culprit in enteric coinfections, so combined diagnostic methods can clarify farm-level disease investigations."

Meet the guest: Dr. Talita Resende / talita-resende-01188234 is an Assistant Professor and Food Animal Diagnostician at the University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. Her work focuses on swine diseases, veterinary diagnostics, pathology, teaching, research, and service, with previous roles at The Ohio State University and universities in Brazil. Learn more from Dr. Talita Resende on The Swine Health Blackbelt Podcast, available on all major platforms.