Custom Rates for 2025 Field Operations

Feb 17, 2025

By Glennis McClure

As the cost of machinery and equipment have continued to rise over the last several years, many individuals have offered custom services for field operations to spread their investment costs over more acres. Conversely, some producers are increasingly utilizing custom services to manage their capital investments. For some, this approach is driven by the inability to justify the cost of equipment due to limited acreage, while others may lack the time for certain operations because of off-farm jobs.

At the Center for Agricultural Profitability at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, custom rate service providers are surveyed, and a custom rates report is published every other year. The report focuses on field operations and general service rates commonly required in agriculture. A second survey focused on livestock-related custom work was added in the year after the regular biennial survey. The Nebraska Livestock-Related Custom Rates Survey is available to complete now through Feb. 28, 2025. It is designed for custom service providers and those who pay for these services in Nebraska. For more information and to sign up to participate in the survey, visit: https://cap.unl.edu/nebraska-livestock-related-custom-rates-survey-sign/

Pages 5-9 from Part I of the 2024 report provide custom rate figures for spring field operations, including tillage, drilling, and planting. The report is one source custom operators may use to help determine what to charge or pay for agricultural custom services. In addition, machine operation costs are recommended to be calculated, and other factors should be considered, such as custom rates set by those providing various services.

In addition to tillage operations, no-till drilling of soybeans, small grains, and cover crops are custom rate figures included in the 2024 report, along with row crop planting operations that vary with or without coulters and band application during the planting process. A statewide average rate along with ranges and most common reported rates per operation are included in the report. Information is published for the various custom operations by the Nebraska Agricultural Statistics Districts as long as at least three responses are received for a particular area.

Table 1 provides a sample of a few of the spring field operation rates included in the 2024 Nebraska Custom Rates report. The state average for disk harrowing (secondary light seedbed preparation) is $18.54 per acre, with the most common rate reported being $16. A range of rates is reported across the state from $10 to $48 per acre. Two common row crop planting operation figures are shown as examples from the report. The first is a planting operation for row crops, including no-till (without coulters or row cleaning device and no band applicator). Notes the state average per acre rate is $23.94, with a range of $15 to $30. The most common per acre rate reported is $25 per acre. The second planting operation shown includes coulters with band applicators. The state average per acre rate is $23.73, with $20 as the most common reported rate and a range of $15 to $40 per acre reported statewide.

Table 1.

Custom rates for common planting operations in Nebraska have continued to increase based on survey data collected over the last several years as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1

The Nebraska Custom Rates report is designed to assist operators and those using custom services. When sufficient data is available, it provides state average rates and figures for Nebraska's eight crop reporting districts. However, this report is just one resource. When setting rates, custom service providers should also account for their operational and ownership costs.

The Center for Agricultural Profitability (CAP) offers the Agriculture Budget Calculator (ABC) at agbudget.unl.edu to calculate operation and ownership costs per acre. The ABC program requires the following data to calculate field operation costs for power units (e.g., combines) and implements (e.g., headers):

List prices of similar machines
Purchase price
Age at purchase
Expected years of ownership
Hours on power units and acres covered
Coverage rate information

The program uses formulas from the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) to estimate depreciation, repairs, and salvage value. Overhead costs such as taxes, housing, and insurance (THILM expenses) should also be factored into total costs. The ABC program is accessible online to anyone. For more details, visit cap.unl.edu/abc.

Table 2 presents the per-acre field operation costs for no-till planting of row crops, calculated using the Agricultural Budget Calculator (ABC) program. The example assumes a 230-horsepower tractor equipped with a no-till planter and estimates a cost of $31.96 per acre. This amount is $6.96 higher than the statewide average custom rate for no-till planting with a band applicator, as reported in the 2024 custom rates report.

Custom operators can use these figures as a guideline when setting their rates. Still, they should also consider factors such as their availability for custom hire services, local demand, and current planting conditions.

Table 2. Field Operation Costs/Acre
Planting - No Till Row Crops
(includes cash and ownership expenses)

Crops

Machine costs shown in this report do not include taxes, housing, insurance or licensing costs.
'THILM' expenses may be entered in detail for you own enterprises as cash overhead costs and summarized in
Ownership and Overhead costs.

Source : unl.edu

Video: Turning Plant Defense Into a Management Strategy

Turning Plant Defense Into a Management Strategy

Understanding how a plant responds to stress is one thing.

Using that knowledge to make better management decisions is another.

Systemic acquired resistance, or SAR, is the plant's more direct defense response. When stress or infection occurs, the plant begins signaling throughout its system and preparing defensive compounds.

But if we know that response exists, can we help prepare the plant before the stress arrives?

The answer starts with understanding what triggers the response and what the plant needs to carry it out.

The Trigger and the Fuel

Salicylic acid plays an important role in triggering the SAR pathway.

Think of it as turning the truck on.

The engine may be running, but it still needs fuel to do the work.

In this case, manganese plays an important role in supporting the enzyme systems involved in the plant's defensive response.

This makes manganese status an important part of the conversation. Whether a producer is using tissue testing, sap analysis, or simply scouting for visible deficiency symptoms, the goal is to make sure the plant has adequate manganese available.

Manganese is required in relatively small amounts, but that does not make its role small.

If the plant receives a signal to defend itself but lacks the nutrition needed to support that response, it may struggle to carry out the process efficiently.

The trigger matters.

The fuel matters too.

Prepare Before the Stress Arrives

The best time to think about stress management is before the plant is overwhelmed.

Once a crop is already struggling, management can quickly turn into a game of catch-up.

This is similar to nitrogen management. Once a plant becomes severely deficient, correcting the problem does not necessarily erase the time and yield potential already lost.

Plant defense can work the same way.

Low-rate, targeted approaches designed to support the SAR pathway may fit best ahead of an expected stress event rather than after significant damage has already occurred.

That requires producers to think about predictable stress.

We may not know exactly what the weather will do tomorrow, but we generally know summer heat is coming. We know certain field conditions increase disease pressure. We know a herbicide application can temporarily stress a crop as the plant processes the chemistry.

Even a properly timed and labeled herbicide application can create a temporary response in the plant.

That does not mean the herbicide is bad.

Weeds can create significantly more yield loss than the temporary stress caused by controlling them.

The question is not whether we should eliminate every stressor.

The question is whether we can better prepare the plant to manage necessary and predictable stress.

Not All Stress Is Bad

Stress is a normal part of plant growth.

A perfectly stress-free environment does not exist in the field.

In fact, some stress is necessary for normal plant development. A plant responds to wind, temperature, moisture, sunlight, and countless other environmental signals throughout the season.

The environment is stress.

The plant's job is to manage it.

Problems begin when the stress load becomes greater than the plant's ability to respond.

Extreme heat, drought, high salt concentrations, disease pressure, and even certain management practices can add to that load.

This is where understanding SAR becomes useful.

Instead of waiting until the plant is visibly struggling, producers can begin identifying periods when stress is likely and make management decisions around those windows.

ISR Starts With the Soil

While SAR is a more direct defense response, induced systemic resistance, or ISR, brings the conversation back to soil health.

The longevity of a farm is closely connected to the health of its soil.

Carbon plays a major role because it supports biological life within the soil. Bacteria, fungi, and other organisms interact with plant roots and influence how the plant grows, accesses nutrients, and prepares for stress.

This is why soil health cannot be reduced to one product or one application.

It is a system.

Keeping living plants in the field longer can support biological activity. Cover crops may fit some operations. Better water management can improve soil conditions.