Soybean producers can improve harvest efficiency by focusing on cutting height, grain moisture, and combine performance throughout the season.
Soybean producers have spent months preparing for harvest, managing everything from planting and crop protection to field scouting and changing weather conditions. Once harvest begins, however, there are still opportunities to protect the value of the crop by reducing losses in the field.
University of Missouri Extension estimates that losing four to five soybeans per square foot can equal roughly one bushel per acre. While that amount may seem small, losses can become substantial when multiplied across large farming operations.
Start With the Header
The combine header deserves close attention because it accounts for an estimated 80% of soybean harvest losses. Cutting height is one of the most important factors.
Missouri research found that yield losses were about 0.3% when soybeans were cut at 2 inches, compared with 2.6% at 4 inches and 9.5% at 6 inches.
Farmers should aim for an efficient cutting height while accounting for rocks, uneven ground, residue and other field conditions. Low-growing soybeans and pods near the soil surface require particular care. Lodged plants may also require changes to header settings or operating speed.
Monitor Moisture and Shattering
Soybean moisture can change quickly during harvest. Waiting may allow grain to dry, but overly dry pods can become fragile and release beans before they reach the combine. Harvest timing and field conditions should therefore be monitored closely.
Check Fields for Losses
Yield monitors are useful, but walking the field remains important. Inspect areas behind the combine for loose beans, missed plants, open pods and grain exiting the rear of the machine.
When losses are too high, make adjustments one at a time. Ground speed, reel position, cutter-bar height, rotor or cylinder settings, fan speed and sieve settings can all affect harvest efficiency.
Because conditions can change throughout the day, regular inspections and timely adjustments can help Missouri soybean growers capture more of the crop they worked hard to produce.
Photo Credit: istock-ds70