Researchers develop new blood tests to detect hidden liver disease in dogs.
A groundbreaking research project at the UC Davis Weill School of Veterinary Medicine is working to improve the understanding and detection of copper hepatopathy, a liver disease affecting Labrador retrievers. The study is funded by the American Kennel Club (AKC) Canine Health Foundation and aims to identify the causes of the condition while developing easier and less invasive ways to diagnose it.
Copper hepatopathy occurs when copper builds up in a dog's liver over time. Excessive copper can damage liver tissue, eventually leading to serious health problems and liver failure. One of the biggest challenges with this disease is that affected dogs may not show any signs of illness until the condition becomes severe.
"We were motivated to enroll in the study because of the fantastic care we have always received at UC Davis and wanting to help understand the copper issue in this amazing breed," said Ellie’s owner. "The bonus was we unexpectedly found she had a copper disease that we can now treat to keep her healthy and give her a very long life!"
To address this issue, researchers are using advanced blood-based technologies to study the disease. Their goal is to create reliable diagnostic tools that can identify copper accumulation earlier than current methods. Earlier detection could allow veterinarians and pet owners to begin treatment sooner and improve long-term outcomes for affected dogs.
The importance of early detection was highlighted through the experience of a young Labrador retriever enrolled in the study. The dog appeared healthy and showed normal liver values in routine blood tests. However, researchers discovered that the dog's liver already contained excess copper. This finding demonstrated that standard health screenings may not always detect the disease in its early stages.
"This issue is highly prevalent and incredibly insidious. A pet's liver values might be completely normal and they can feel perfectly well right up until the end stage of the disease, when it is simply too late," said lead investigator Dr. Tarini Ullal, emphasizing the urgency.
She added, "We are at a precipice—a true turning point where we really need to proactively understand what causes this disorder, be it genetic, environmental and dietary, or both. We must screen for it more effectively to prevent more dogs from going into liver failure."
Researchers say copper hepatopathy can remain hidden for years, making it a particularly difficult condition to manage. Dogs often continue to feel healthy while the disease quietly progresses. By the time clinical symptoms appear, significant liver damage may have already occurred.
According to the research team, understanding the causes of the disease is a major priority. Scientists are examining whether genetics, environmental factors, diet, or a combination of these factors contribute to copper accumulation in Labrador retrievers. Identifying these causes could help veterinarians develop better prevention and treatment strategies in the future.
Veterinary experts believe the condition is becoming an increasing concern in the canine population. As awareness grows, researchers are encouraging proactive screening and participation in studies that can expand knowledge about the disease.
The project also focuses on making diagnosis more accessible. Traditional diagnosis often requires a liver biopsy, which is considered the most accurate method for measuring copper levels in the liver. To encourage participation and gather valuable data, the study covers the cost of liver biopsies for dogs that qualify for enrollment.
Support from the AKC Canine Health Foundation reflects the significance of the research. The organization recognizes the need for answers as liver disease continues to impact dogs across the country. Collaborative efforts between veterinary specialists, researchers, and dog owners are expected to play an important role in advancing solutions.
The findings from this study could benefit not only Labrador retrievers but also other breeds that may be affected by similar liver disorders. New blood-based tests could eventually reduce the need for invasive procedures and provide veterinarians with faster, more convenient diagnostic options.
“This disease is on the rise in dogs," said Stephanie Montgomery of the AKC Canine Health Foundation. "It demands answers, and researchers like Dr. Ullal are the future of solving it for the dogs counting on us.”
Animal health experts emphasize that prevention and early intervention remain key to protecting dogs from serious illness. Regular veterinary care, health monitoring, and participation in scientific research can help improve outcomes and support future advancements in canine medicine.
As the study continues, researchers hope their work will lead to better screening methods, a deeper understanding of copper hepatopathy, and improved quality of life for dogs. The project represents an important step toward preventing liver failure and ensuring that more dogs receive treatment before the disease reaches advanced stages.
Through ongoing research and cooperation between pet owners and veterinary professionals, scientists are moving closer to uncovering the causes of this silent disease and developing tools that could transform canine liver health for years to come.
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