By Kat Gebauer
A new study tracking soil microbial communities across six years of experimental drought in a tallgrass prairie finds that prolonged water stress diminishes biodiversity, pushing communities toward less predictable, harder-to-reverse configurations.
The findings, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, fill a knowledge gap that has posed an obstacle to adaptation and conservation policy.
"We've known for a long time that aboveground plant communities respond to drought, but what's been happening belowground has been much harder to see," said Jizhong Zhou, director of the Institute for Environmental Genomics, George Lynn Cross Research Professor in the School of Biological Sciences and senior author.
"Now that we have six years of continuous data, what we're finding is that soil communities don't just stress under drought; they drift, and the further they drift, the less certain recovery becomes."
Six years belowground
Soil microbes underpin nearly every major ecosystem process, from decomposing organic matter to cycling carbon, nitrogen and sulfur through the soil. Despite their importance, scientists have had little data on how these communities change over time under sustained stress like warming and drought, largely because continuous, multiyear field experiments are rare.
The research team conducted annual ecosystem surveys and soil sampling at a tallgrass prairie site over six years, comparing plots subjected to experimental drought with controls.
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