Why Precision Agriculture is the Key to Ag’s Sustainable Future

Feb 19, 2025

By Gregg Wartgow

For agriculture industry stakeholders who’d like to see improvements in the area of sustainability, it is becoming clear that precision agriculture technology must play a prominent role. The beauty of this technology is that, to the typical farmer, it is also the key to becoming more productive, competitive, and profitable.

“Precision agriculture is the solution,” said AEM Senior Vice President Curt Blades, who’s responsible for the strategic direction of all agriculture programs and services for AEM members. “There is technology available today, as well as new technologies on the cusp of being released, that allow farmers to do so much more than they’ve ever been able to do, and with less.”

Blades was part of a virtual roundtable discussion hosted by AEM member company Topcon on Feb. 4. Several ag industry experts shared their thoughts on the state of precision agriculture, what the benefits of these technologies are, and how technology providers are taking steps to make sure these revolutionizing solutions are available to all types of farmers in all corners of the world.

“It’s easy to understand that a tractor driving across a field in a straight line will burn less fuel, which means it will produce fewer emissions,” Blades shared as an example. "Then you start talking about things like reduced overlap, and the more precise application of fertilizer and crop-protection inputs. The sustainability benefits grow exponentially with precision ag.”

“We’re seeing up to an 80% adoption rate on certain crops and in certain parts of the country,” Blades said. “And the thing is, the maps and data a technology like auto steer helps generate are what often encourage a farmer to begin using additional precision technologies. The goal is a fully integrated precision agriculture system.”

One challenge the industry has faced is getting more of these technologies into the hands of more farmers. Availability and affordability have been barriers to adoption in many instances. Precision ag technology providers like Topcon are working to address that.

“The biggest request we hear across the globe is that farmers with a small tractor want the same technology that’s on a large tractor,” said Antonio Marzia, executive vice president and general manager of Topcon Agriculture. “To be honest, there is sometimes more technology on a tractor today than a car.

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Video: Can Gene Editing Give Seeds a Stronger Start?

Reagan Reed has a way of describing his research that might make a plant breeder pause.

“I’m the sort of person who likes to break things to understand them,” he says.

What he breaks are genes involved in seed germination. Reed, a Ph.D. candidate at the University of California, Davis, is investigating whether changing those genes can help seeds establish healthy plants under a wider range of conditions.

Reed recently attended the National Association for Plant Breeding meeting in College Station, Texas, as an NAPB Borlaug Scholar. His work speaks to a question that matters well beyond a research lab: what does it take for a seed to get a crop off to a strong start?

A seed that germinates quickly, alongside the others planted with it, spends less time vulnerable to stresses before seedlings become established.

“If you’re able to bridge that gap between germination to stand establishment, then that’s going to give you the highest probability of having a solid yield that year,” Reed says. “There’s a bunch that can go wrong after that, but it maximises your yield from the start, at least.”

Reed works in Dr. Imtiyaz Khanday’s lab at UC Davis, where his research focuses on seed quality in tomatoes and potatoes. He brings an unusual academic background to the work: at Skidmore College, he studied both biology and Latin.

Reed believes that combination prepared him for research. Translating an ancient text means studying each word, weighing its possible meanings and using context to reach the best interpretation. There is rarely a way to know with complete certainty what an author intended. Science, he says, requires a similar willingness to work through uncertainty.

“Attention to detail and comfortability working with uncertainty,” is how he sums up what Latin taught him.

In the lab, uncertainty can produce a surprise. Reed describes changing one gene and seeing little effect. Changing a second gene also appears to do little. Put both changes in the same genetic background, though, and the result can be substantial.

“I break this gene, nothing really happens. I break this other gene, nothing really happens. I combine them into the same genetic background, and now there’s a massive effect,” he says.

Those interactions matter as researchers gain the ability to edit multiple genes at once. They also complicate any simple account of how a trait works: improving a seed may depend on understanding what several genes do together.

For Reed, the question is whether that knowledge could help seeds germinate reliably when conditions are difficult. Some of the genes he studies prevent germination under certain conditions. That response may serve a plant well in one setting while limiting its usefulness in agriculture. He wants to learn what happens when those genes are changed, and whether the result improves establishment.

Yet a discovery that works in a lab still has a long way to travel before it reaches a field. Reed argues that agricultural biotechnology faces an economic challenge as well as a scientific one. New tools can create value for farmers, he says, but developing them requires a way to support the work in an industry where margins can be thin.

His fellowship with Flagship Pioneering gave him a view across AI, agriculture-related work and human health research. It also reinforced the importance of bringing people with different expertise into the same conversation—a benefit of gatherings such as the NAPB meeting.

“You need to have a team of people with different backgrounds who are willing to work together and approach the same problem in different perspectives and different ways,” he says.

That thinking connects the different parts of Reed’s path. Latin taught him to examine details without expecting a perfect answer. Gene editing lets him test what individual genes do—and what happens when their effects combine. Working with people beyond his own field helps him ask what those findings could become.

He came to agriculture because of its reach: the possibility that work by a small group of researchers could eventually make a difference on a much larger scale. His immediate focus is smaller and more precise. He wants to understand what helps a seed get through its first days and become a healthy plant.