New research explores drone technology to improve winter wheat planting timing
Farmers in parts of Ontario often struggle to plant winter wheat at the right time. The ideal planting period usually comes before soybeans are harvested, which can delay wheat seeding and reduce yields. This timing conflict makes it difficult for farmers to maintain proper crop rotation and achieve strong wheat production.
To address this challenge, the University of Guelph research team is studying the use of drones to seed winter wheat directly into standing soybean crops. Field trials are being carried out at the Ontario Crops Research Centre in Winchester, a facility owned by Agricultural Research and Innovation Ontario and managed by the University of Guelph through the Ontario Agri Food Innovation Alliance.
The research has been conducted by scientists from the University of Guelph, led by Dr. Joshua Nasielski, professor in the Department of Plant Agriculture, along with research technician Ian DeSchiffart. The study is supported by Corteva Agriscience and includes collaboration with Dr. Tizazu Mekonnen, chemical engineering professor at the University of Waterloo.
“Planting date is very, very important for high yields in corn and in wheat,” said Nasielski. “The reason we're interested in drones is because you could plant wheat whenever you want before soybean is harvested.”
“The agronomy is very different. What is the right seeding rate? When's the right planting date? You have to basically do an agronomy study,” said Nasielski.
The study focuses on key agronomic questions such as the best planting time, correct seeding rates, and how well wheat plants establish when seeded by drone. Early trials showed that seeds spread on the soil surface are exposed to sun, wind, and dry conditions, which can reduce germination and survival.
To improve seed performance, Dr. Mekonnen’s team at the University of Waterloo developed a biodegradable seed coating made from corn starch. This coating helps seeds absorb moisture, protects them during early growth, and breaks down naturally in the soil without leaving microplastics behind.
“We see the seed not as an agricultural item that can grow, but rather a chemical ingredient that you use in the lab,” said Mekonnen. “We were not familiar with the greenhouse seed growing environment until we came to see what Josh does.”
This collaborative research brings together agronomy, engineering, and environmental science. If successful, the project could provide Ontario farmers with a practical, sustainable solution for timely winter wheat planting and improved crop yields.
Photo Credit: University of Guelph