USDA report shows fewer cattle beef cows and calves nationwide
The total number of cattle and calves on U.S. farms declined at the start of 2026, according to a new report released by the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service. The report provides an updated snapshot of the current state of the U.S. cattle industry.
As of January 1, 2026, there was an estimated 86.2 million head of cattle and calves across the country. This figure reflects continued tightening in overall cattle supplies compared to recent years. Within the total inventory, all cows and heifers that had calved accounted for 37.2 million heads.
Beef cow numbers continued to decline. The report showed that there were 27.6 million beef cows in the United States as of January 1, 2026, which represents a one percent decrease from the previous year. This reduction reflects ongoing herd management decisions driven by market conditions to input costs and long-term production planning.
In contrast the number of milk cows increased. Dairy's cow inventory rose to 9.57 million heads, indicating modest growth in the dairy sector despite challenges related to feed costs and labor availability.
The U.S. calf crop was also smaller. Total calves born during 2025 were estimated at 32.9 million head which is down two percent from the prior year. Fewer calves entering the system may affect future cattle supplies and market availability.
Cattle on feed numbers declined as well. As of January 1, 2026, there were 13.8 million heads of cattle on feed which is three percent lower than in 2025. This decline reflects reduced placements and adjustments in feeding strategies.
To develop the report, NASS surveyed about 35,000 producers nationwide using online mail telephone and in person methods. The data offers a reliable overview of cattle inventories and production trends across the US livestock industry.
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