The First Cut the Deepest for Alberta Winter Wheat Agronomy Research

Jun 30, 2023

Shock, dismay for those in involved as Alberta winter wheat agronomy program axed.

The origin of winter wheat in the West has a long, scrappy history. What was truly an overlooked, if-I-have-time crop choice for fall has been transformed in a generation to become one of the highest yielding, most agronomically reliable crops for farmers on the Prairies. There have been many key players that have helped raise the profile of winter wheat, especially in Alberta. The current face of this success is Brian Beres, a federal senior research scientist focused on agronomy at the Lethbridge Research and Development Centre. Of his 32 years in public service, 23 of those have focused on winter wheat agronomy research. Usually, though, winter wheat is looked at one way, and one way only.

“It’s a bit of an orphan crop,” says Beres. “It’s never going to that sort of premium export class of wheat or anything like that, but it’s got a lot of value to grain merchants, the stakeholders, and growers of winter wheat, yet it gets overlooked. A good, high protein winter wheat is often used to blend off shipments of CWRS to enhance supply to meet a certain customer spec with respect to grain protein or some other quality parameter.”

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Video: Western Canadian Agriculture: Hard Times Made the World's Best Farmers

Western Canadian agriculture produced the most advanced farmers in the world not through abundance but through adversity. The crow rate fell. The wheat price went nowhere. The brown envelopes stopped.

When the subsidies disappeared, the bad farmers left and the good ones stayed. And the ones who stayed could not just grow wheat anymore. They started growing lentils and canola and peas and flax and faba beans. They built crop rotation. They got serious about agronomy because there was no government backstop. That process produced the Western Canadian agriculture Dennis Bulani describes in this clip: the most advanced, most educated farming culture in the world.

His contrast with Iowa corn and soybean farmers is sharp. At a DeKalb farmer meeting in Okoboji, Iowa, he asked what crop rotation they ran. Beans on corn stubble, corn on bean stubble. How do you fertilize? The co-op agronomist handles it. Have you considered other crops? No need. We make so much money on corn and soybeans. Western Canadian agriculture was never allowed that comfort. And now those Iowa farmers are watching soybean markets lock up with China and corn prices slide, and they do not have the agronomy knowledge or the research base to pivot. Western Canadian farmers adapted on a dime because they had done it before.

Dennis also makes the case that Western Canadian agriculture keeps adapting in real time. Low commodity prices over the past year have pushed growers to look seriously at precision spot-spray technology. He knows a neighbor who bought a sprayer with the seeing-eye system and sprayed only 80 out of 320 acres. As a chemical retailer Dennis acknowledges that will affect his sales. He supports it anyway, because if it advances Canadian agriculture and makes farmers money, that is a good outcome.

The lesson Dennis draws from the tale of two farms: continuous improvement is the only durable strategy. When canola was $22 a bushel some growers went to Arizona instead of the Crop Production Show. When the price came down those same growers came back to the research and the discipline. Products do not go on Rack Petroleum's shelves unless they pass a replicated trial first. That is what Western Canadian agriculture built through hard times: farmers who do the work whether the times demand it or not.

Dennis Bulani is CEO of Rack Petroleum and Ultimate Yield in Biggar, Saskatchewan. Dan Aberhart hosts GTF Productions, Western Canadian Agriculture's foremost live briefing platform and its foremost AI training platform for ag operators