Early symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment options for aging dogs
Small changes in a dog’s behavior are often mistaken for signs of aging. Increased thirst, frequent urination, hair loss, or low energy may seem normal. However, these signs can point to Cushings disease, also called hyperadrenocorticism say experts at the College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Illinois.
Cushings disease occurs when a dog’s body is exposed to high levels of cortisol over a long time. Cortisol is a hormone made by the adrenal glands. It helps control stress, metabolism, and immune function. When too much cortisol is present, it can harm the body.
Most natural cases of Cushings disease are caused by a problem in the pituitary gland. A small tumor sends signals that cause the adrenal glands to produce excess cortisol. In fewer cases, a tumor on the adrenal gland itself is responsible. Long term use of steroid medications can also cause the condition.
Cushings disease mainly affects middle aged and older dogs. Symptoms develop slowly and may include increased hunger, panting, lethargy, thin skin, hair loss, and a round or potbellied appearance. Because these signs appear gradually, they are often overlooked.
If left untreated, Cushings disease can lower a dog’s quality of life. Dogs may develop repeated skin or urinary infections, high blood pressure, urinary accidents, and diabetes. Veterinarians may notice changes in blood tests, including high cholesterol and increased liver enzymes.
Diagnosis requires several steps. Routine blood tests and urine tests are done first to rule out other illnesses. Special hormone tests and imaging help confirm the disease and identify its type.
“When a dog’s quality of life is affected by Cushing’s disease, treatment can make a huge difference,” said Dr. Baratta-Martin, College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Illinois. “Discussing changes, you’re noticing with your veterinarian is the first step in determining whether a diagnostic workup is needed.”
Most dogs are treated with lifelong medication. Treatment helps reduce symptoms and improves daily comfort. With proper monitoring and care, many dogs live happy and active lives. Early veterinary attention makes a meaningful difference.
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