Study reviews forage quality and fermentation traits in two corn types
Whole plant corn silage is the main forage used in dairy cow diets, often making up 40 to 60 percent of the forage dry matter. Its value depends on energy availability, which comes from proper harvest, particle size, and fermentation quality. Short stature corn is a newer variety being explored for better standability, less lodging risk, and the ability to grow at tighter plant spacing. This study evaluated its physical properties at harvest and compared its nutritional quality with conventional corn.
Research was completed at the Central Maryland Research and Education Center, where short stature and conventional corn plots were planted and harvested. Mini silos were prepared using two corn types, two treatments, and six storage periods. Each silo weighed 1,000 grams and received either water as a control or a commercial mix of propionic and acetic acids. Both corn types were harvested at 32–35 percent dry matter and were later tested for particle size, fermentation acids, microbial counts, and nutrient composition.
Particle size was measured using the Penn State Box method. Results showed that short stature corn had a similar particle size distribution to conventional corn. This similarity is important because proper particle size ensures enough physically effective fibre, which supports rumen health and promotes good fermentation in silage. Short stature corn showed 14 percent on the 19 mm sieve, 56 percent on the 8 mm sieve, 17 percent on the 4 mm sieve, and 13 percent in the pan. Conventional corn had closely matching results.
Fermentation analysis showed that total acids were higher in silos treated with organic acids for both corn types. The lactic acid level was the highest in all samples, which is ideal for promoting stable, high-quality silage and preventing yeast and mold growth. The study found that short stature corn, especially when treated with organic acids, has strong nutritional value and promising fermentation quality.
Future animal performance trials will study how dairy cows respond when short stature corn silage is included as the main forage. If proven effective, farmers can use this variety without new equipment, supporting practical and sustainable management.
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