Research finds wheat releases compounds that improve nitrogen efficiency
New research shows that wheat plants can play an active role in managing nitrogen in the soil. Scientists found that wheat roots release natural compounds that slow down soil microbes responsible for nitrogen loss. This process helps keep nitrogen available for plant growth, reducing waste and environmental impact.
Nitrogen is essential for modern agriculture, but much of the applied fertilizer is lost through leaching or released into the air as greenhouse gases. Traditional solutions include chemical inhibitors, which can be costly and may affect soil health. Researchers are now exploring a natural alternative called biological nitrification inhibition.
This process works when plant roots release compounds that limit microbial activity in the soil. In wheat, these compounds include benzoxazinoids, which are already known for protecting plants from pests and diseases. Scientists have now discovered that these same compounds can also slow the conversion of ammonium into nitrate, a key step in nitrogen loss.
The research, conducted at Aarhus University by postdoc Purna Kumar Khatri and his team, used controlled hydroponic experiments to study how wheat roots release these compounds. By growing wheat in water instead of soil, researchers were able to carefully measure and analyze root exudates.
The study compared different wheat lines and found that special varieties with enhanced traits released more of these beneficial compounds. These varieties showed a stronger ability to reduce nitrification, suggesting they could improve nitrogen use in real farming conditions.
Experts suggest that improving nitrogen efficiency by even a small percentage could result in significant savings for farmers. It can also help reduce greenhouse gas emissions linked to fertilizer use.
Unlike chemical treatments, plants release these compounds gradually and only where needed. This natural approach may offer a more targeted and environmentally friendly solution.
Researchers aim to use these findings in crop breeding programs to develop wheat varieties that naturally improve soil nitrogen retention. This innovation could help farmers produce the same yields while using fewer inputs.
Photo Credit: istock-ligora