By Adityarup "Rup" Chakravorty
Carbon nanotubes are tiny. They can be a hundred thousand times smaller than the width of a human hair. But they have huge potential.
Products manufactured using carbon nanotubes include rebar for concrete, sporting goods, wind turbines, and lithium batteries, among others.
Potential uses of carbon nanotubes could extend to diverse fields, such as agriculture, biomedicine and space science.
But as we use more carbon nanotubes to make things, we also increase the chances that these nanotubes enter different environments and ecosystems.
Lettuce after exposure to carbon nanotubes.
In a new study, Yang and his colleagues describe a way to measure levels of a specific kind of carbon nanotube in plant tissues. Their
research was recently published in Journal of Environmental Quality.
Carbon nanotubes may make their way into agricultural fields and food products. There, they can pose a threat to human and environmental health.
“Knowing how to measure carbon nanotubes in the environment is crucial to understanding their environmental fate and effects,” says Yang.
Lettuce in hydroponic culture.
To mimic the nanotubes in the environment, Yang and colleagues grew hydroponic lettuce in the presence of carbon nanotubes. Then they analyzed the lettuce leaves for traces of carbon nanotubes.
Yang found this method could detect small amounts of carbon nanotubes in the leaves, stems and roots of the lettuce plants.
“We have developed a method to address the challenging issue of quantifying carbon nanomaterials in the environment,” says Yang. “These findings can help guide the sustainable application of carbon nanotubes in natural environments.”
The challenge in measuring carbon nanotubes in the environment is that they are made of carbon. All living things on Earth – including humans and plants – have carbon as a key building block.
The task Yang and colleagues faced was to distinguish between carbon in living material from carbon in carbon nanotubes.
A single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb pattern is called graphene. A carbon nanotube is a sheet of graphene rolled into a tiny cylinder.
Carbon nanotubes made of a single sheet of graphene are called single-walled nanotubes. Layering multiple tubes within others yields multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
Scientists can add different molecules to carbon nanotubes. Adding these molecules can change their characteristics. They might dissolve more easily in solvents, for example.
“Carbon nanotubes with molecules added on could be used in the fabrication of nanocomposites, biomedicine, and chemical or biological probes,” says Yang.
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