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Researchers Enhance Soybean Phytophthora Resistance Without Growth Penalty

Researchers Enhance Soybean Phytophthora Resistance Without Growth Penalty

A plant's immune system is turned on when it perceives the presence of pathogens. An active immune system impacts growth, making it a challenge to balance plant immunity and growth in breeding disease resistance. The research team explored using soybean (Glycine max) polyamine oxidase (GmPAO), which produces hydrogen peroxide by oxidizing spermidine and spermine.

When GmPAO was overexpressed in transgenic soybeans, more spermidine and spermine were produced after exposure to P. sojae, compared with non-transgenic counterparts. The transgenic soybean exhibited enhanced resistance to various P. sojae isolates and improved production of hydrogen peroxide.

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How American Farmers Harvest 1.15 Billion Pounds of Sunflowers

Video: How American Farmers Harvest 1.15 Billion Pounds of Sunflowers

Across the open plains of North Dakota and South Dakota, sunflower fields turn the American landscape into a sea of gold. In this farming documentary, we go inside modern sunflower farming to see how farmers plant, grow, harvest, clean, dry, process, and transform sunflower seeds into valuable products used every day.

In 2024, American farmers harvested about 1.15 billion pounds of sunflowers. This video follows the full journey from warm spring planting to combine harvesting, seed cleaning, storage, oil extraction, refining, roasting, packaging, and animal feed production.

You will see how sunflower seeds are processed into cooking oil, roasted snacks, bakery ingredients, birdseed, livestock feed, and useful byproducts. From golden fields to modern processing plants, this is the story of how a beautiful flower becomes one of America’s important oilseed crops.

Watch until the end to discover how sunflower farming connects farmers, machines, factories, food production, and sustainable agriculture.