By Travis Meteer
Having access to water is a crucial component of any grazing system. Pastures look different depending on the type of grazing system utilized. If you are designing a new pasture or changing a current one, placing and planning for water access should be near the top of your list. Water quality is also important when it comes to the overall health and well-being of the animals. Creeks and ponds are natural water sources that can be used for cattle on pasture. While natural water sources are convenient, there are pros and cons to using them.
Pros
Natural water sources like creeks and ponds can be useful in pasture systems. These systems require little maintenance when there is adequate precipitation. Pre-existing ponds and creeks are low-cost water sources that can increase the land value of your pasture and are convenient to use for cattle. Instead of allowing unrestricted access, limiting water access can prolong the life of the source. Installing temporary fencing around the pond or creek and leaving a 20–40-foot gap can help to reduce bacteria from manure and excess sediment. Using a heavy-duty ramp or installing geotextile with a few layers of rock on top can be used at the access point to reduce the impact of heavier foot traffic. Limiting access can also decrease the risk of drowning and other physical hazards.
Cons
Natural water sources can also cause animals a series of issues. As livestock congregate in ponds and creeks, there is an increased risk of disease and parasite transmission. Feces can contaminate the water, leading to decreased water quality and increased algae growth. Fertilizer, herbicide, and urban area runoff could also potentially contaminate creeks and streams. In periods of drought, these water sources can become unreliable. As water levels lower, steep banks can make it difficult for cattle to reach water. Giving cattle unrestricted access to ponds and creeks can also increase the risk of physical hazards such as drowning or sinking in mud.
Source : illinois.edu