By Jessie Lay
When news breaks about a new threat to livestock, the food supply, or even human health, it can feel hard to sort through basic info and what to do next. Kentucky has recently confirmed a couple of cases of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), also called H5N1. Influenza viruses carry only a small set of genes, but tiny changes in that genetic “recipe” can alter which species they infect, how they spread, and how severe disease can be—sometimes in birds, sometimes in mammals, and sometimes in people.
There are many influenza strains that affect birds and other animals. What makes this strain more concerning is its aggressiveness toward poultry. “Highly pathogenic” means it spreads easily among birds and can cause severe disease. Once HPAI enters a flock of chickens, fatality rates can be extremely high—sometimes up to 90%. That kind of loss can devastate poultry farms and disrupt the supply of fresh eggs. Another reason this strain draws attention is its ability to infect a wider range of species than most bird flu viruses.
Wild birds—especially waterfowl—are natural reservoirs for avian influenza viruses. They can carry the virus and develop respiratory infections. During spring and fall migration, birds travel long distances, and an infected bird can expose domestic poultry and other wildlife along the way. If you find dead wild birds on your farm, report them to the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife so testing can be considered.
Backyard flocks and birds raised outdoors are at higher risk because they’re more likely to be exposed to migrating birds overhead. Droppings can contaminate areas where poultry eat and drink. When possible, keeping poultry indoors can reduce risk. Outbreaks can also spread from farm to farm through movement of animals, equipment, vehicles, feed, or people. With a virus this contagious, skipping biosecurity steps can put an entire flock at risk.
Source : uky.edu