What happens when the temperature swings from -30°C to +5°C in just a few days? For cattle producers, these rapid fluctuations need to be managed to mitigate the risks to herd health, nutrition, and overall performance.
In the newest episode of The Bovine, Kara Mastel sits down with Dr. Brittany Smith, Consulting Ruminant Nutritionist with Beef Smart Consulting Inc., to discuss how extreme weather changes impact cattle and what producers can do to mitigate the effects.
Cattle thrive on consistency, and sudden changes in temperature can cause stress, metabolic strain, and immune suppression. These swings have the potential to disrupt feed and water intake, increase disease susceptibility, and can slow growth rates in feedlot cattle. Smith explains that when temperatures drop, cattle expend more energy to stay warm, increasing their nutritional needs. However, when temperatures rise again, feed intake can fluctuate, leading to inefficiencies and waste.
Feeding strategies for cold weather
One of the most critical management tools during extreme weather is feed intake adjustment. When temperatures drop below -8°C, cattle require extra energy just to maintain body heat. Smith recommends increasing feed before a major cold front and adjusting back down as temperatures rise to prevent waste.
Forage quality also plays a crucial role. High-quality forage not only provides more energy but also supports proper digestion. On the other hand, low-quality forage with high fiber content can lead to impaction issues, especially if water intake is reduced.
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