Farm News & Views For The Week of November 13, 2023

Nov 15, 2023

By Bob Bragg

Last Thursday’s USDA crop production report surprised many grain traders considering a Corn Belt growing season that offered dry soils and record breaking heat waves. But last week, the agency declared that 2023’s U.S. corn production was the largest on record, amounting to 15.234 billion bushels, breaking the 2016 production record. When I talked to several Midwest farmers and Farm Managers in late October, they were amazed that yields for both corn & soybeans were much better than expected, considering the dry growing conditions that had affected their fields during much of the summer. The USDA increased both corn and soybean yields for the 2023 crops, which led to a significant drop in prices for both commodities last week. On average, U.S. farmers plant about 90 million acres of corn each year, with the majority of the crop grown in the Corn Belt, but climate change is changing the boundaries of corn production. The Corn Belt has traditionally spanned from Kansas to Ohio and from Missouri to the Dakotas, but it is shifting to the northwest probably due as much to new corn varieties that are adapted to the cooler temperatures of northern latitudes and probably also because of less pressure from corn pests found in the Midwest. However this relative of teosinte that is estimated to have been domesticated 10,000 years ago in Mexico has had a long history of being adaptable to changing climates. This article from Iowa State University paints an interesting picture of corn’s journey across the globe. ?

The Midwest wasn’t the only area of the U.S. to suffer through nasty weather during summer 2023. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, a new billion-dollar weather and climate disaster has been confirmed in October after severe thunderstorms brought damaging winds and large hail to parts of the southern Plains from September 23th to the 24th. This brings the total to a record 25 disasters in the first 10 months of the year, the largest number of disasters for any year since NOAA has kept track of these types of events. The total cost of the 2023 events thus far has exceeded $73.8 billion.

?Farmers are usually eternal optimists, as is borne out by The Purdue University-CME Group Ag Economy Barometer that rose 4 points in October to a reading of 110. Farmers in this month’s survey were less concerned about the risk of lower prices for crops and livestock and felt somewhat better about their farms’ financial situation than a month earlier. High input costs remain the top concern among farmers for the year ahead, followed by rising interest rates. The index is based on a survey of 400 agricultural producers concerning their economic sentiment each month.

?In Colorado, beef cattle are an important agricultural enterprise. The Colorado Beef Council points out that today, there are more than 2.6 million head of cattle and 13,000 beef producers throughout the state.

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Video: The 15-Year Bet Behind Every New Variety!

Canada is trying to decide how much agricultural research capacity it can afford to lose. Brian Rossnagel believes the better question is whether the country can afford to rebuild it.

The longtime barley and oat breeder makes the case with a simple fact about his profession: the consequences of today’s decisions may not become visible for 10 or 15 years.

“Pick the right parents. That’s the biggest thing,” Rossnagel says. “If you pick the wrong parents, you’re not going to get anywhere—and you don’t know that until 10 years, 15 years later.”

That warning carries particular weight as Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada moves to reduce spending and streamline parts of its science operations. The department’s 2026–27 plan anticipates the loss of approximately 665 positions by 2028–29 and says some research will be reduced where capacity exists in academia or industry. AAFC says the changes will make its science operations more cost-effective over the long term.

For Canada’s seed industry, Rossnagel’s career illustrates what is at stake.

This fall, the retired University of Saskatchewan breeder will be inducted into the Canadian Agricultural Hall of Fame. During his 35-year career at the Crop Development Centre, he helped develop more than 100 barley and oat varieties, including CDC Austenson—one of Western Canada’s most widely grown feed barleys. His induction recognizes not only those varieties, but the collaboration and research system that made them possible.

Rossnagel is quick to emphasize that none of it was the work of one person.

“The first thing I thought about was all the other people who contributed to whatever success I and my program had over the years,” he says. “We know that it’s not an individual who does this. It’s a group—a team.”

That team extends well beyond the breeder whose name appears beside a variety. It includes technicians, pathologists, quality specialists, statisticians, regional testing sites, seed growers and industry partners. It also includes the breeders who came before and those who will carry the germplasm forward.

CDC Fraser barley, for example, moved through three breeding careers. Its parents came from Brian Harvey’s program. Rossnagel advanced the material after Harvey retired, and Aaron Beattie later guided it through registration and release.

That kind of handoff is normal in plant breeding. The person who makes the original cross may never see the resulting variety reach farmers.

It also explains why lost research capacity cannot simply be switched back on when budgets improve.

“If you shut it off, it’s very, very difficult—and particularly costly—to start it up again,” Rossnagel says. “If you have to start from scratch, it’s going to be at least 10 years before anybody notices whether you’re getting anything done or not.”

The concern is not simply how many experimental lines Canada can process. Modern equipment, statistical tools and genetic technologies allow today’s breeding programs to evaluate tens of thousands of lines—far more than Rossnagel could handle when he entered the field in the early 1970s.

But efficiency and automation do not generate every idea.

“If you pare back down, and instead of having six or seven individual scientists concentrating on wheat breeding, you go down and say three people could handle all this, well, that’s half the ideas gone,” he says. “Particularly if you happen to lose the three people who had the really neat and innovative ideas, boy, that’s a problem.”

It is a timely distinction for Canadian agriculture. Consolidating programs may preserve the volume of material moving through a system, at least initially. It may not preserve the diversity of thinking, regional knowledge or willingness to pursue unconventional crosses.

That regional knowledge matters because Canadian agriculture is not one uniform production environment. A variety suited to southern Alberta may face different disease, moisture and maturity pressures than one grown in Manitoba, Ontario or Atlantic Canada.

“Agriculture is applied biology,” Rossnagel says. “Biology, all around the Earth, moves from the poles to the equator. It does not move from Newfoundland to B.C. like politics do.”