Managing Seeding Year Alfalfa

 

Alfalfa seeded this spring is ready, or soon will be ready, to cut.  Following these harvest guidelines can help you get the most from your first-year alfalfa.

 

Seeding year alfalfa is different from established stands.  Stems are spindly, roots are small and shorter, and growth is a little slower.

 

You can harvest seeding year alfalfa as early as 40 days after seedlings emerge. It takes plants about 40 days to develop their ability to regrow from the crown after cutting. If plants are cut before this development takes place, maybe to control weeds, at least one set of leaves must remain on the plant for it to regrow. 

 

Although alfalfa seedlings can be harvested 40 days after emerging, I think it’s better to wait until around 60 days after emergence, at late bud to early bloom stage, before taking the first cut. Yield will be a little higher and plants will withstand weather stress more easily with a little extra growth. This extra time also allows roots to penetrate the soil more deeply, helping avoid problems from soil compaction or surface soil dryness.

 

These first harvest recommendations may be earlier than some folks like to cut; however, after this early cutting the regrowth of seedling alfalfa will become more similar to established alfalfa, giving you the opportunity for two or three cuts the first year. This plan will also help control many weeds.

 

One last point – never cut seeding-year alfalfa during the four-week period before a killing freeze.  Winter injury can be severe due to reduced winterhardines. Look ahead at the calendar to plan when future cuts might be taken to avoid cutting during this sensitive time.

 

Video: How Can We Grow More Food With Less Impact?

For over two decades, Dr. Mitloehner has been at the forefront of research on how animal agriculture affects our air and our climate. With deep expertise in emissions and volatile organic compounds, his work initially focused on air quality in regions like California’s Central Valley—home to both the nation’s richest agricultural output and some of its poorest air quality.

In recent years, methane has taken center stage in climate discourse—not just scientifically, but politically. Once a topic reserved for technical discussions about manure management and feed efficiency, it has become a flashpoint in debates over sustainability, regulation, and even the legitimacy of livestock farming itself.

Dr. Frank Mitloehner, Professor and Air Quality Specialist with the CLEAR Center sits down with Associate Director for Communications at the CLEAR Center, Joe Proudman.