Produce Growers Should Take Time to Review Cleaning and Harvesting Procedures

Jul 31, 2024

By Teresa Wiemerslage

Midsummer is the perfect time for produce growers to review their cleaning and harvesting procedures to minimize the risks of foodborne illnesses and maximize their farm efficiency.

In a recent article for the Acreage Living Newsletter, Teresa Wiemerslage, field specialist with Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, highlights the main points to consider when reviewing your cleaning and harvesting procedures.

The Food Safety Modernization Act Produce Safety Rule states that producers must clean and sanitize all food contact surfaces, equipment and tools used, as frequently as reasonably necessary.

Producers must also inspect and maintain all non-food-contact surfaces of equipment and tools used during harvesting, packing and holding as frequently as reasonably necessary to protect against contamination of covered produce.

The article provides proactive steps farmers should take, including basic hygiene and restroom use, keeping harvest totes and packaging clean, keeping vehicles and equipment clean, and keeping good records.

“The easiest way to keep your packhouse clean is to keep the dirt out,” said Wiemerslage. “The practices you use in the field can either increase or decrease the amount of cleaning you need to do at the end of the day.”

The article also explains how to keep a cleaning and sanitization log, and offers sample logs and Standard Operating Procedures.

Other articles in the current Acreage Living Newsletter include “Preparing for Weaning to Optimize Health and Performance,” “Feeding Management of Horses,” “How to Garden for Pollinators, Bees, Butterflies, and Beneficial Insects,” “Veraison Impacts on Grapevine Diseases,” and “Iowa Resources under USDA’s Heartland Regional Food Business Center.”

Acreage Living is published every other month by the small farm sustainability team with the Farm, Food, and Enterprise Development program with ISU Extension and Outreach.

Source : iastate.edu

Video: Turning Plant Defense Into a Management Strategy

Turning Plant Defense Into a Management Strategy

Understanding how a plant responds to stress is one thing.

Using that knowledge to make better management decisions is another.

Systemic acquired resistance, or SAR, is the plant's more direct defense response. When stress or infection occurs, the plant begins signaling throughout its system and preparing defensive compounds.

But if we know that response exists, can we help prepare the plant before the stress arrives?

The answer starts with understanding what triggers the response and what the plant needs to carry it out.

The Trigger and the Fuel

Salicylic acid plays an important role in triggering the SAR pathway.

Think of it as turning the truck on.

The engine may be running, but it still needs fuel to do the work.

In this case, manganese plays an important role in supporting the enzyme systems involved in the plant's defensive response.

This makes manganese status an important part of the conversation. Whether a producer is using tissue testing, sap analysis, or simply scouting for visible deficiency symptoms, the goal is to make sure the plant has adequate manganese available.

Manganese is required in relatively small amounts, but that does not make its role small.

If the plant receives a signal to defend itself but lacks the nutrition needed to support that response, it may struggle to carry out the process efficiently.

The trigger matters.

The fuel matters too.

Prepare Before the Stress Arrives

The best time to think about stress management is before the plant is overwhelmed.

Once a crop is already struggling, management can quickly turn into a game of catch-up.

This is similar to nitrogen management. Once a plant becomes severely deficient, correcting the problem does not necessarily erase the time and yield potential already lost.

Plant defense can work the same way.

Low-rate, targeted approaches designed to support the SAR pathway may fit best ahead of an expected stress event rather than after significant damage has already occurred.

That requires producers to think about predictable stress.

We may not know exactly what the weather will do tomorrow, but we generally know summer heat is coming. We know certain field conditions increase disease pressure. We know a herbicide application can temporarily stress a crop as the plant processes the chemistry.

Even a properly timed and labeled herbicide application can create a temporary response in the plant.

That does not mean the herbicide is bad.

Weeds can create significantly more yield loss than the temporary stress caused by controlling them.

The question is not whether we should eliminate every stressor.

The question is whether we can better prepare the plant to manage necessary and predictable stress.

Not All Stress Is Bad

Stress is a normal part of plant growth.

A perfectly stress-free environment does not exist in the field.

In fact, some stress is necessary for normal plant development. A plant responds to wind, temperature, moisture, sunlight, and countless other environmental signals throughout the season.

The environment is stress.

The plant's job is to manage it.

Problems begin when the stress load becomes greater than the plant's ability to respond.

Extreme heat, drought, high salt concentrations, disease pressure, and even certain management practices can add to that load.

This is where understanding SAR becomes useful.

Instead of waiting until the plant is visibly struggling, producers can begin identifying periods when stress is likely and make management decisions around those windows.

ISR Starts With the Soil

While SAR is a more direct defense response, induced systemic resistance, or ISR, brings the conversation back to soil health.

The longevity of a farm is closely connected to the health of its soil.

Carbon plays a major role because it supports biological life within the soil. Bacteria, fungi, and other organisms interact with plant roots and influence how the plant grows, accesses nutrients, and prepares for stress.

This is why soil health cannot be reduced to one product or one application.

It is a system.

Keeping living plants in the field longer can support biological activity. Cover crops may fit some operations. Better water management can improve soil conditions.