UK Soil Scientists Begin Cover Crop Research Project

Mar 04, 2015

By Katie Pratt

Cover crops are an old tool to control soil erosion, but agricultural producers are rediscovering them. The practice has been gaining traction across the United States in recent years, with some states now offering producers financial incentives to grow cover crops.

Young cereal rye emerges in the fall between rows of corn stubble. Cereal rye is one of the most common cover crops.

New studies show cover crops may have the potential to suppress weeds and keep nitrates out of the water supply. However, more research needs to be done to broaden and quantify these claims.

“Kentucky growers have many unanswered questions about how much direct value cover crops have in preserving soil nitrogen and the consequences this has for optimal nitrogen fertilizer rates for their cropping systems,” said John Grove, soil scientist with the University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food and Environment.

In a new research project funded in part by a Conservation Innovation Grant from the Natural Resources Conservation Service, Grove and fellow UK soil scientist Mark Coyne asked cooperating producers in Central and Western Kentucky to plant a cover crop of their choosing this past fall. This spring, the researchers will measure the amount of nitrogen, if any, the cover crops remove from the ground. If the crops retain nitrogen, it will reduce the amount available in the soil and prevent leaching. Once producers kill the cover crops in the spring, allowing them to decompose and release nitrogen back into the ground, their subsequent corn crop may not need as much fertilizer as usual. This could save producers money and potentially help the environment.

The multi-year project will allow researchers to determine if nitrogen conserved by cover crops carries over in subsequent crop years and what adjustments growers should make to their fertility programs.

“In the long run, this will help growers maintain crop yields and profits, while simultaneously reducing the potential for adverse impacts of excess nitrogen on water quality,” Coyne said.

Source: uky.edu

Video: Why Your Food Future Could be Trapped in a Seed Morgue

In a world of PowerPoint overload, Rex Bernardo stands out. No bullet points. No charts. No jargon. Just stories and photographs. At this year’s National Association for Plant Breeding conference on the Big Island of Hawaii, he stood before a room of peers — all experts in the science of seeds — and did something radical: he showed them images. He told them stories. And he asked them to remember not what they saw, but how they felt.

Bernardo, recipient of the 2025 Lifetime Achievement Award, has spent his career searching for the genetic treasures tucked inside what plant breeders call exotic germplasm — ancient, often wild genetic lines that hold secrets to resilience, taste, and traits we've forgotten to value.

But Bernardo didn’t always think this way.

“I worked in private industry for nearly a decade,” he recalls. “I remember one breeder saying, ‘We’re making new hybrids, but they’re basically the same genetics.’ That stuck with me. Where is the new diversity going to come from?”

For Bernardo, part of the answer lies in the world’s gene banks — vast vaults of seed samples collected from every corner of the globe. Yet, he says, many of these vaults have quietly become “seed morgues.” “Something goes in, but it never comes out,” he explains. “We need to start treating these collections like living investments, not museums of dead potential.”

That potential — and the barriers to unlocking it — are deeply personal for Bernardo. He’s wrestled with international policies that prevent access to valuable lines (like North Korean corn) and with the slow, painstaking science of transferring useful traits from wild relatives into elite lines that farmers can actually grow. Sometimes it works. Sometimes it doesn’t. But he’s convinced that success starts not in the lab, but in the way we communicate.

“The fact sheet model isn’t cutting it anymore,” he says. “We hand out a paper about a new variety and think that’s enough. But stories? Plants you can see and touch? That’s what stays with people.”

Bernardo practices what he preaches. At the University of Minnesota, he helped launch a student-led breeding program that’s working to adapt leafy African vegetables for the Twin Cities’ African diaspora. The goal? Culturally relevant crops that mature in Minnesota’s shorter growing season — and can be regrown year after year.

“That’s real impact,” he says. “Helping people grow food that’s meaningful to them, not just what's commercially viable.”

He’s also brewed plant breeding into something more relatable — literally. Coffee and beer have become unexpected tools in his mission to make science accessible. His undergraduate course on coffee, for instance, connects the dots between genetics, geography, and culture. “Everyone drinks coffee,” he says. “It’s a conversation starter. It’s a gateway into plant science.”