Cover crops to surge under USDA's green initiative

Mar 06, 2024

By Farms.com

In a significant move towards bolstering sustainable agriculture, the American Seed Trade Association (ASTA) has provided an optimistic projection for the future of cover cropping in the United States. Based on a recent survey, ASTA predicts that the USDA's Partnerships for Climate Smart-Commodities will lead to an increase of 10.5 million acres in cover crop planting over five years.

This initiative, which kicked off in February 2023, aims to enhance conservation efforts across the agricultural sector, with a focus on supporting small and underserved farmers. The projection is drawn from data collected through a survey of participants in the program, indicating a growing enthusiasm for climate-smart agriculture practices.

Despite the conservative nature of this estimate, as not all projects provided detailed data, the trend points to a significant uptick in the adoption of cover crops. These crops are key to improving soil health, managing pests and diseases, and increasing water retention, thereby supporting both the environment and agricultural productivity.

With a federal funding commitment of $2.39 billion across 88 projects, the initiative underscores a substantial investment in sustainable farming. Cover crops are set to play a pivotal role in this transformation, driven by the seed industry's innovation and commitment to providing high-quality seeds to farmers nationwide.

ASTA's president, Andy LaVigne, emphasized the importance of cover crops in modern agriculture, advocating for their role in economic and environmental sustainability. He further encouraged farmers to leverage ASTA's resources for finding reliable seed sources, illustrating the industry's dedication to supporting American agriculture's shift towards more sustainable practices.

As the agricultural landscape evolves, the partnership between ASTA, USDA, and farmers symbolizes a collective move towards a more resilient and environmentally friendly farming future.

Video: Turning Plant Defense Into a Management Strategy

Turning Plant Defense Into a Management Strategy

Understanding how a plant responds to stress is one thing.

Using that knowledge to make better management decisions is another.

Systemic acquired resistance, or SAR, is the plant's more direct defense response. When stress or infection occurs, the plant begins signaling throughout its system and preparing defensive compounds.

But if we know that response exists, can we help prepare the plant before the stress arrives?

The answer starts with understanding what triggers the response and what the plant needs to carry it out.

The Trigger and the Fuel

Salicylic acid plays an important role in triggering the SAR pathway.

Think of it as turning the truck on.

The engine may be running, but it still needs fuel to do the work.

In this case, manganese plays an important role in supporting the enzyme systems involved in the plant's defensive response.

This makes manganese status an important part of the conversation. Whether a producer is using tissue testing, sap analysis, or simply scouting for visible deficiency symptoms, the goal is to make sure the plant has adequate manganese available.

Manganese is required in relatively small amounts, but that does not make its role small.

If the plant receives a signal to defend itself but lacks the nutrition needed to support that response, it may struggle to carry out the process efficiently.

The trigger matters.

The fuel matters too.

Prepare Before the Stress Arrives

The best time to think about stress management is before the plant is overwhelmed.

Once a crop is already struggling, management can quickly turn into a game of catch-up.

This is similar to nitrogen management. Once a plant becomes severely deficient, correcting the problem does not necessarily erase the time and yield potential already lost.

Plant defense can work the same way.

Low-rate, targeted approaches designed to support the SAR pathway may fit best ahead of an expected stress event rather than after significant damage has already occurred.

That requires producers to think about predictable stress.

We may not know exactly what the weather will do tomorrow, but we generally know summer heat is coming. We know certain field conditions increase disease pressure. We know a herbicide application can temporarily stress a crop as the plant processes the chemistry.

Even a properly timed and labeled herbicide application can create a temporary response in the plant.

That does not mean the herbicide is bad.

Weeds can create significantly more yield loss than the temporary stress caused by controlling them.

The question is not whether we should eliminate every stressor.

The question is whether we can better prepare the plant to manage necessary and predictable stress.

Not All Stress Is Bad

Stress is a normal part of plant growth.

A perfectly stress-free environment does not exist in the field.

In fact, some stress is necessary for normal plant development. A plant responds to wind, temperature, moisture, sunlight, and countless other environmental signals throughout the season.

The environment is stress.

The plant's job is to manage it.

Problems begin when the stress load becomes greater than the plant's ability to respond.

Extreme heat, drought, high salt concentrations, disease pressure, and even certain management practices can add to that load.

This is where understanding SAR becomes useful.

Instead of waiting until the plant is visibly struggling, producers can begin identifying periods when stress is likely and make management decisions around those windows.

ISR Starts With the Soil

While SAR is a more direct defense response, induced systemic resistance, or ISR, brings the conversation back to soil health.

The longevity of a farm is closely connected to the health of its soil.

Carbon plays a major role because it supports biological life within the soil. Bacteria, fungi, and other organisms interact with plant roots and influence how the plant grows, accesses nutrients, and prepares for stress.

This is why soil health cannot be reduced to one product or one application.

It is a system.

Keeping living plants in the field longer can support biological activity. Cover crops may fit some operations. Better water management can improve soil conditions.