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Size Doesn’t Matter: State Patchwork of Sow Housing Laws Hurts All Farmers

Nobody wins with a patchwork of differing and ever-changing state sow housing laws spurred by California Proposition 12. It doesn’t matter if you are a large-scale farmer or a small-scale farmer, the National Pork Producers Council (NPPC) says everyone stands to lose.

“The issue goes well beyond animal welfare and safety — farmers’ top priority — and rather to the root of the Constitution’s interstate commerce regulations and how bending them can break a farmer,” NPPC said in a release.

Ohio pig farmer and National Pork Producers Council vice president Pat Hord spoke on the need for patchwork prevention in testimony before the House Agriculture Committee in July. Hord has chosen to retrofit barns to be Prop 12-compliant.

“Pork producers throughout the country have already collectively spent hundreds of millions of dollars converting existing structures or building new barns to continue selling pork in California,” Hord testified.

But he says his compliance with Prop 12 does not protect him from more financial burdens if patchwork laws are not addressed.

“Whatever I do today could need to be changed when a new state decides they want a different housing standard,” he said. “These are expensive changes, and some farmers may exit the business amid this uncertainty, which increases consolidation.”

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2026 T.K. Cheung Lecture in Animal Science - Dan Weary

Video: 2026 T.K. Cheung Lecture in Animal Science - Dan Weary

T.K. Cheung Lecture in Animal Science: "Using science to assess and improve the welfare of dairy cattle"

Dan Weary is a Professor at the University of British Columbia. Dan did his BSc and MSc at McGill and Doctorate at Oxford before co-founding UBC’s Animal Welfare Program where he now co-directs this active research group. His research focuses on understanding the perspectives of animals and applying these insights to develop methods of assessing animal welfare and improving the lives of animals. His work has helped drive changes in practices (including the adoption of higher milk rations for calves and pain management for disbudding) and housing methods (including the adoption of social housing for pre-weaned calves). He also studies cow comfort and lameness, social interactions among cows, and interactions between cows, human handlers and technologies like automated millking systems that are increasingly used on farms. His presentation will outline key questions in cattle welfare, highlight recent UBC research addressing them, and showcase innovative methods for improving the lives of cattle and their caretakers.