Practical wildfire prevention tips to protect farms and reduce risks safely
Canada’s large geography and diverse climate expose farms to many natural hazards, including droughts, floods, and increasingly frequent wildfires. The 2023 wildfire season was the most destructive on record, with more than 6,000 fires burning approximately 15 million hectares. This highlights the need for farms across the country to prepare for wildfire risks.
FireSmart Canada encourages farmers to understand how fires start and spread. Wildfires usually ignite structures through embers, radiant heat, or direct flame. Embers are especially dangerous because they can travel several kilometers and ignite dry materials such as grass, branches, and hay.
Studies show that most structures lost during wildfires are caused by ember transport. Farmers can reduce this risk by clearing fine fuels, covering building openings, and storing dry materials away from structures.
Radiant heat and direct flames also require fuel pathways. Using fire-resistant materials like metal siding or stucco can help reduce heat damage. Removing pathways for flames, such as dry vegetation or clutter, can slow or prevent fire spread. Even simple actions like opening gates may help interrupt fire movement.
Creating a defensible space is considered the first line of protection. Experts recommend clearing a 1.5 metre non-combustible zone around buildings. Beyond that, farms should manage vegetation in the intermediate zone of 1.5 to 10 metres by pruning and reducing combustible materials. In the extended zone of 10 to 30 metres, mowing and removing dead trees can lower fire intensity.
“When folks hear about wildfire that has happened in communities [and question] why did this house burn and not this house, there is a lot of information that shows that the houses were impacted because there were certain things close to the structure that then caused the fire to be immediately close to [the house],” said Ken Cox, a wildfire prevention officer with the Department of Natural Resources in Nova Scotia.
Farmers should also prepare before the wildfire season begins. Maintaining equipment is essential since machinery like combines, tractors, and ATVs can spark fires if not properly serviced. Access to water, emergency sprinklers, and a clear fire response plan are equally important.
Fire plans should include evacuation routes, muster points, and livestock handling procedures. Reviewing insurance coverage and monitoring weather and fire conditions also improves preparedness.
FireSmart representatives across Canada can provide property assessments and practical recommendations. While wildfires cannot always be prevented, proactive planning and simple safety measures can greatly reduce damage and protect farm operations.
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