Alfalfa Can Be Grazed Safely: Things To Think About Before Turning Cows Out On High Legume Pastures

May 24, 2024

Including alfalfa in a grazing stand makes sense. The potential benefits include increased soil fertility through nitrogen fixation, improved plant biodiversity, boosted forage yields and improved animal performance. Alfalfa can also be used to create a hedge against poor forage production during dry growing seasons as it is naturally drought tolerant. Recent Canadian research has taken an even closer look into how to improve alfalfa’s resilience to challenging environments.

Even though forage yields and productivity could be increased, producers are often hesitant to seed alfalfa for grazing purposes due to fears of bloating. Experts agree that implementing a few key production principles and paying close attention to a grazing herd can greatly reduce the risk of bloat and provide producers the opportunity to capture the benefits of this legume crop.

Here are some management tips for successfully grazing cattle on alfalfa:

Avoid moving cattle onto new pasture when it’s wet with heavy dew, rainfall or irrigation water. Grazing alfalfa when it is wet increases the possibility of bloat.
Make paddock rotations mid-day or later to help minimize moisture and increase plant carbohydrate concentration.

Do not allow animals to stand hungry before turning them into an alfalfa pasture, as it can lead to overconsumption of fresh alfalfa and increase the risk of bloat.

Wait until alfalfa is in full bloom to graze. Bloat risk is highest when alfalfa is in vegetative to early-bloom stages of growth. As alfalfa enters the full-bloom or post-bloom stages, the alfalfa becomes more fibrous and the rate of digestion slows down.

Do not graze alfalfa for three days to two weeks following a killing frost. Frost may increase the incidence of bloat by rupturing plant cell walls, leading to a high initial rate of digestion. Delay grazing alfalfa until the stand dries.

Make sure to monitor cattle frequently for condition and any signs of bloat or sickness and adjust grazing plans accordingly.

Graze with animals that have smaller rumen capacities, like yearlings and calves, rather than mature cows.

Talk to your veterinarian about the advisability of using a product like Alfasure (mix with water to prevent frothy bloat).

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Video: From Conventional to Regenerative: Will Groeneveld’s Journey Back to the Land

"You realize you've got a pretty finite number of years to do this. If you ever want to try something new, you better do it."

That mindset helped Will Groeneveld take a bold turn on his Alberta grain farm. A lifelong farmer, Will had never heard of regenerative agriculture until 2018, when he attended a seminar by Kevin Elmy that shifted his worldview. What began as curiosity quickly turned into a deep exploration of how biology—not just chemistry—shapes the health of our soils, crops and ecosystems.

In this video, Will candidly reflects on his family’s farming history, how the operation evolved from a traditional mixed farm to grain-only, and how the desire to improve the land pushed him to invite livestock back into the rotation—without owning a single cow.

Today, through creative partnerships and a commitment to the five principles of regenerative agriculture, Will is reintroducing diversity, building soil health and extending living roots in the ground for as much of the year as possible. Whether it’s through intercropping, zero tillage (which he’s practiced since the 1980s) or managing forage for visiting cattle, Will’s approach is a testament to continuous learning and a willingness to challenge old norms.

Will is a participant in the Regenerative Agriculture Lab (RAL), a social innovation process bringing together producers, researchers, retailers and others to co-create a resilient regenerative agriculture system in Alberta. His story highlights both the potential and humility required to farm with nature, not against it.