Simple Steps to Maintain Alfalfa Growth and Forage Quality
Dry conditions can challenge farmers, but simple steps can help protect crops and maintain production, says Sara Bauder, SDSU Extension Forage Field Specialist.
Healthy soil is the starting point for strong alfalfa. Farmers should test soil and maintain proper nutrient levels. Monitoring fields for insects and diseases is also important to avoid added stress. Limiting field traffic helps prevent damage to plant stands.
Alfalfa is known for its deep root system, which helps it find water during dry periods. However, the crop still needs moisture for growth. During drought, plants may grow slowly but produce higher quality forage.
Cutting strategy becomes very important. Instead of frequent early cutting, farmers may want to allow alfalfa to reach full bloom. This helps the plant rebuild energy in its roots. Strong roots improve plant survival and future growth.
Drought conditions may reduce total yield, but quality can improve. Farmers should adjust their goals based on conditions. Fewer cuttings can help maintain plant health and support long-term production.
Cutting height also matters. Leaving about 2.5 to 4 inches of stubble protects crown roots and supports regrowth. Cutting too low can damage plants, while very tall stubble may lead to weaker shoots.
In extreme drought, alfalfa may stop growing and become dormant. This helps the plant survive until better conditions return. Good management during this time protects the crop for future seasons.
By following these simple practices, farmers can reduce losses, protect their alfalfa stands, and ensure better results even during dry weather.
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