By John Tooker
Every few years, we seem to get the right conditions for armyworm to do well in Pennsylvania and this is one of those years. I mentioned in last week’s newsletter that some folks had found armyworm damage, and the number of reports increased in the intervening week. I encourage growers to scout their corn, wheat, and hay fields for armyworm damage. For corn growers, armyworm is more common following grass cover crops, but they can show up in other situations, including in alfalfa.
True armyworm damage to corn begins from the edge of the leaves, and often looks ragged with large pieces of tissue removed, but armyworms rarely eat or cross the midrib. In heavy damage, little more than the midrib of corn leaves can be left. Armyworms feed at night and during the day in corn hide in the whorl, where their brown, wet, mushy feces accumulate. The great majority of feeding damage occurs when the larvae are nearly mature, which accounts for much of the damage seemingly appearing overnight. In wheat, armyworms will first feed on leaves and then progress upward to the head, which they can clip off as they try to get enough food. During the day, they hide at the base of plants. Clipped heads on the plant or the ground are good signs of their presence.
Some Bt corn hybrids can provide protection against armyworm, but only hybrids expressing the Vip3A protein, so growers should review their trait information to know whether to expect any control. Insecticidal seed coatings do not provide significant control of armyworm, so the best control option is to scout fields and apply rescue treatments. When scouting cornfields, look for leaf feeding and presence of caterpillars in the whorl. Control efforts are usually not economical unless 10 percent or more of the plants are infested. A variety of insecticides, including common pyrethroids, are available and effective for controlling true armyworm, but keep in mind that control gets to be more challenging as caterpillars grow and get to be one-inch long or greater. For growers wanting to conserve natural enemies in their fields, a few products provide good control of armyworm and have little activity against predators and parasitoids; these active ingredients include methoxyfenozide (Intrepid 2F, Troubadour 2F) and spinosad (Tracer and Entrust, the latter is organically approved). Growers should use higher rates the heavier the infestation and the larger the caterpillars. For details on insecticide options, see the
Penn State Agronomy Guide and be sure to consult labels for specifics for each product. For more details on true armyworm, see "
Armyworm as a Pest of Field Corn ."