Soil is the core resource of agricultural production. It not only provides crops with nutrients and water for growth but also supports multiple ecological functions such as microbial activity and nutrient cycling.
This comprehensive capability is termed “soil multifunctionality”. In recent years, soil degradation issues have become increasingly prominent, including erosion, nutrient loss, and declining organic matter.
How to enhance soil health through scientific agricultural management measures has become a global priority. As a key practice in sustainable agriculture, crop rotation can improve soil quality by altering soil environments and microbial communities, particularly through rotations between leguminous and gramineous crops—legumes reduce fertilizer dependence via nitrogen fixation by rhizobia.
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