Switchgrass offers economic and environmental gains for aviation fuel goals
Switchgrass, a native prairie grass, is gaining attention as a strong candidate for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), according to two new University of Illinois studies. The U.S. Sustainable Aviation Fuel Grand Challenge aims to expand SAF production to 35 billion gallons by 2050, and switchgrass could contribute significantly.
Researchers tested three modern energy cultivars—Independence, Liberty, and Carthage—against two forage types across Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, and South Dakota. Independence and Liberty showed the best profits, depending on location and fertilizer rates. Notably, switchgrass required much less nitrogen fertilizer compared to corn.
Postdoctoral researcher Muhammad Umer Arshad highlighted that energy-type switchgrass can bring returns within two years, making marginal lands profitable. Another study led by Nictor Namoi found that switchgrass reduced nitrate leaching by 80% and nitrous oxide emissions compared to continuous corn fields.
Interestingly, carbon dioxide emissions were initially higher in switchgrass because of more root biomass. However, this also indicates greater long-term carbon storage. The perennial nature of switchgrass boosts soil health and offers strong ecosystem services.
Switchgrass thrives on less productive land, reducing competition with food crops. Although the demand for bioenergy feedstocks is currently low, researchers believe switchgrass is ready to meet future needs when the market grows.
These studies strengthen the case for using switchgrass to support a greener, more sustainable aviation industry.
Photo Credit: gettyimages-ianchrisgraham