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Smart Herbicide Application Starts With Broadcast Nozzles

Smart Herbicide Application Starts With Broadcast Nozzles

What’s on your to-do list for managing weeds this spring? Weed identification: check. Herbicide selection: check. If you apply your own pesticides, does your list include selection of broadcast nozzles?

Although broadcast nozzles may be one of the least expensive aspects of pesticide application, the selection of proper broadcast nozzles is nevertheless crucial to help ensure your herbicide applications are effective. The type of product delivery depends on which broadcast nozzle is used. Applicators should choose their nozzle sections based on their rate controllers, or how they plan to apply the herbicide, which can include pressure-based rate controllers and pulse width modulation controllers.

After an applicator has chosen their rate controller, they can determine their nozzle types and droplet size. Droplet size, weather and boom height are all factors that, if not used correctly or taken into consideration, can cause drift and off-target movement, which increases the risk of damage to sensitive neighboring crops.

Travis Legleiter, assistant extension professor of weed science at the University of Kentucky, says in order for applicators to maximize the droplet for herbicide delivery, a balance between mitigating drift while also achieving the desired deposition and coverage is needed to make the herbicide work. Although those three might not always go hand in hand, applicators can also use other factors such as their spray volume, weed density, boom height and environmental conditions to be successful.

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Wheat Yields in USA and China Threatened by Heat Waves Breaking Enzymes

Video: Wheat Yields in USA and China Threatened by Heat Waves Breaking Enzymes

A new peer reviewed study looks at the generally unrecognized risk of heat waves surpassing the threshold for enzyme damage in wheat.

Most studies that look at crop failure in the main food growing regions (breadbaskets of the planet) look at temperatures and droughts in the historical records to assess present day risk. Since the climate system has changed, these historical based risk analysis studies underestimate the present-day risks.

What this new research study does is generate an ensemble of plausible scenarios for the present climate in terms of temperatures and precipitation, and looks at how many of these plausible scenarios exceed the enzyme-breaking temperature of 32.8 C for wheat, and exceed the high stress yield reducing temperature of 27.8 C for wheat. Also, the study considers the possibility of a compounded failure with heat waves in both regions simultaneously, this greatly reducing global wheat supply and causing severe shortages.

Results show that the likelihood (risk) of wheat crop failure with a one-in-hundred likelihood in 1981 has in today’s climate become increased by 16x in the USA winter wheat crop (to one-in-six) and by 6x in northeast China (to one-in-sixteen).

The risks determined in this new paper are much greater than that obtained in previous work that determines risk by analyzing historical climate patterns.

Clearly, since the climate system is rapidly changing, we cannot assume stationarity and calculate risk probabilities like we did traditionally before.

We are essentially on a new planet, with a new climate regime, and have to understand that everything is different now.